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目的:通过分析216例维持血液透析(MHD)患者长期导管使用情况,探讨发生导管相关性感染的原因及类型。方法:对使用长期导管进行维持血液透析的患者216例按是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,并按年龄分为青年组、中年组和老年组,根据导管留置时间分为6个月内、1年内、2年内及2年以上组,对比其感染发生率。结果:216例患者发生导管相关性感染106例次,其中导管出口感染率为17.12%,隧道感染率为9.72%,血源性感染率为22.22%;按年龄段分,青年组感染率为19.51%,中年组感染率为47.29%,老年组感染率为62.37%;按导管留置时间分,导管留置6个月内感染率为8.33%,6个月~1年感染率为49.20%,1~2年感染率为58.75%,2年以上感染率为67.56%;按是否合并糖尿病分,糖尿病组感染率为64.61%,非糖尿病组感染率为42.38%。结论:长期导管相关性感染类型以血源性感染为主,其次为导管出口感染及隧道感染;随着患者年龄及导管留置时间的增加,感染率越高;合并糖尿病患者感染率高于非糖尿病患者。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes and types of catheter-related infections by analyzing the long-term catheterization in 216 patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A total of 216 patients with long-term catheterization for hemodialysis were divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group according to whether they had diabetes mellitus or not. They were divided into young group, middle-aged group and elderly group by age. According to the catheter indwelling time, Month, 1 year, 2 years and 2 years group, compare the incidence of infection. Results: There were 106 cases of catheter-related infections in 216 cases, of which the infection rate of catheter exit was 17.12%, the infection rate of tunnel was 9.72% and the rate of blood-borne infection was 22.22%. The infection rate of young people was 19.51 %, The middle-aged group infection rate was 47.29%, the elderly group infection rate was 62.37%; catheter indwelling time points, catheter indwelling within 6 months the infection rate was 8.33%, 6 months to 1 year infection rate was 49.20%, 1 The infection rate in 2 years was 58.75%, and the infection rate in 2 years was 67.56%. The prevalence of diabetes was 64.61% in non-diabetic group and 42.38% in non-diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term catheter-related infections are mainly blood-borne infections, followed by duct-outlet infections and tunnel infections. The infection rates are higher with age and catheter retention time, and are associated with higher rates of infection in patients with diabetes patient.