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目的了解温州市城区≥18岁居民糖尿病流行特征及危险因素,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法于2014年7-8月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对温州市鹿城、龙湾和瓯海3个城区11 765名居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。用SPSS 18.0软件进行χ2检验,用logistic回归模型进行糖尿病影响因素分析。结果调查人群糖尿病粗患病率为12.6%,标化患病率为10.50%;男性糖尿病粗患病率为13.0%,标化患病率为12.02%;女性糖尿病粗患病率为12.4%,标化患病率为9.99%,男女性之间患病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.23,P>0.05)。糖尿病患病率随年龄增长呈上升的趋势,差异有统计学意义(趋势χ2=522.50,P<0.01)。不同文化程度居民糖尿病患病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=163.98,P<0.01)。不同职业居民糖尿病患病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=150.02,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、高血压、高血脂、中心性肥胖是糖尿病的危险因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.60(1.50~1.70)、1.96(1.73~2.22)、1.55(1.38~1.74)和1.51(1.34~1.71)。文化程度、体育锻炼是糖尿病的保护因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为0.86(0.81~0.91)和0.95(0.91~0.98)。结论温州城区居民糖尿病患病率较高,需进一步加强糖尿病防治的健康教育,改善居民行为、生活方式,降低糖尿病的危害。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in urban residents of 18 years or older in Wenzhou city and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods From July to August 2014, 11 765 residents in three cities of Lucheng, Longwan and Ouhai in Wenzhou City were investigated by questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory tests using a multistage randomized cluster sampling method. Chi-square test was performed using SPSS 18.0 software, and the influencing factors of diabetes were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results The crude prevalence of diabetes was 12.6% and the standardized prevalence was 10.50%. The prevalence of crude diabetes in men was 13.0% and the standardized prevalence was 12.02%. The crude prevalence of diabetes in women was 12.4% The standardized prevalence was 9.99%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate between male and female (χ2 = 1.23, P> 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes increased with age, the difference was statistically significant (trend χ2 = 522.50, P <0.01). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among residents with different educational level was significantly different (χ2 = 163.98, P <0.01). The prevalence of diabetes in different occupations was significantly different (χ2 = 150.02, P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and central obesity were the risk factors of diabetes. The OR values (95% CI) were 1.60 (1.50-1.70), 1.96 (1.73-2.22) and 1.55 ( 1.38 ~ 1.74) and 1.51 (1.34 ~ 1.71). The level of education and physical exercise were the protective factors of diabetes. The odds ratio (95% CI) were 0.86 (0.81-0.91) and 0.95 (0.91-0.98) respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is higher in urban residents in Wenzhou City. It is necessary to further strengthen the health education on the prevention and treatment of diabetes to improve residents’ behaviors and life style and reduce the harm of diabetes mellitus.