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80年代黄河下游河道累计淤积泥沙4.12亿t,是下游河道淤积最少的10年(三门峡水库拦沙期除外),其中高村一艾山河段淤积3.59亿t,占87％。下游河道淤积集中在1986、1988两年,其中1988年淤积量达5.14亿t,比10年累计淤积还多1亿t,其余大部分年份河道处微淤或冲刷状态。黄河流域人类活动对下游河道冲淤有一定影响,但起主导作用的还是暴雨大小及地区分布。10年间进入黄河下游的水、沙总体上属于枯水少沙系列,来沙偏少更多。年均来沙仅量8.62亿t,是来沙量最少的lO年。黄河下游来沙量大幅度减少,主要是多沙和粗沙产区的河龙区间大雨、暴雨显著偏少所致。多沙地区一旦出现暴雨,来沙量就会明显增加,如1988年,皇甫…、窟野河等多沙粗沙支流发生较大洪水,年沙量达15.5亿t,下游河道发生严重淤积。深入研究80年代来水来沙条件及下游河道冲淤特点,对于更好地认识和治理黄河具有重要意义。
In the 1980s, a total of 412 million tons of sediment was deposited in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, accounting for 10 years of siltation of the lower reaches of the river (except Sanmenxia Reservoir except for the silt arrest period), of which 359 million tons were silted up by 87%. The siltation of the lower reaches of the river was concentrated in 1986 and 1988, of which 514 million tons of sediments in 1988 were accumulated, accounting for 100 million tons more than the cumulative deposition in 10 years. The rest of the years were slightly silted or washed away. The human activities in the Yellow River basin have some influence on the erosion and sedimentation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, but the size of the heavy rain and the regional distribution also play a leading role. 10 years into the lower reaches of the Yellow River water, sand is generally a series of dry and shallow sand, less than a few sand. The average annual sediment yield is only 862 million tons, which is the least since the year of l0 years. The amount of sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River has been greatly reduced, mainly due to the heavy rain in the Heilong area of the sediment-rich and coarse-grained areas. In case of torrential rains in the Dasha area, the amount of sediment will obviously increase. For example, in 1988, Huangfu County and the Kuye River suffered large floods, with an annual sediment volume of 1.55 billion tons and a serious siltation of downstream rivers. Deeply studying the conditions of incoming and outgoing water in the 1980s and the scouring and silting characteristics of the lower reaches of the river has great significance for better understanding and harnessing the Yellow River.