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出生时未呼吸的肺脏并不完全萎缩,因肺泡有液体呈部分扩张。肺液量约为肺功能残余量(10～20ml/kg)。足月胎儿肺脏约有80～100ml液体。清除肺液有3个主要机理:(1)胎儿通过产道胸腔被压,约20ml肺液由鼻、口压出;(2)肺液经间质进入淋巴管,胎儿和新生儿肺淋巴管较成人大而多,呼吸开始时肺淋巴流增大,生后头2小时可清除40%肺液;(3)因肺毛细血管渗透压较大,间质液也转移到肺毛细血管而被清除。肺液过多X线学特征:肺门模糊,血管纹理扩展到肺野外围(正常新生儿限于肺野中2/3)。过多间质积液可表现为叶间裂隙有大量液体,或出现克利(Kerley)氏A线或B线。助隔角有少量胸水或胸
The lungs that were not breathing at birth were not completely atrophied, as the alveoli were partially dilated with fluid. Pulmonary fluid volume is about residual lung function (10 ~ 20ml / kg). Full-term fetal lungs about 80 ~ 100ml liquid. There are three main mechanisms of lung fluid removal: (1) the fetus through the birth canal chest pressure, about 20ml of lung fluid from the nose and mouth out; (2) pulmonary interstitial into the lymphatic vessels, fetal and neonatal lung lymphatic vessels than Adults large and large, lungs at the beginning of the respiratory flow increases, the first 2 hours after birth can be cleared of 40% of lung fluid; (3) Due to the larger pulmonary capillary osmotic pressure, interstitial fluid is also transferred to the pulmonary capillaries and be cleared. Pulmonary fluid X-ray features: Hilar fuzzy, vascular texture extended to the lung field periphery (normal neonatal confined to the lung field in 2/3). Too much interstitial fluid can manifest as a large amount of fluid in the interlobar fissure, or Kerley’s A-line or B-line. Auxiliary angle a small amount of pleural effusion or chest