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1986年,WHO组织一专家组对宫内避孕的现状作了总结,肯定新型含铜宫内节育器(IUD)(如MLCu375和TCu380)在安全性和可靠性方面可与口服避孕药相比。同时也认为在安全性方面IUD使用者最主要的是盆腔炎(PID)危险性增加。其他如子宫穿孔、不良妊娠结局和带器异位妊娠危险增加,取器后不孕及月经量增加和贫血的危险。作者认
In 1986, WHO organized a group of experts to conclude the status of intrauterine contraception and confirmed that the new copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) such as MLCu375 and TCu380 are comparable to oral contraceptives in terms of safety and reliability. Also considered the most important aspect of IUD users in safety is the increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Others, such as perforation of the uterus, increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and ectopic pregnancies, esophageal infertility, increased menstrual flow, and anemia. The author recognizes