公地悲剧

• 出 处: 时事报告
• 发表日期: 2013年03期
• 关键词: 公地悲剧 公共资源 奥斯特 罗姆 草场退化 群牧 废气净化 个人收益 公共交通工具 民同

一群牧民同在一块公共草场放牧,每个牧民都想多养羊以增加个人收益。尽管他们明知草场上羊已经太多了,再增加数目,将使草质下降,但草场退化的代价是由大家共同负担的,因而牧民都从私利出发,选择多养羊。如此一来,“公地悲剧”就上演了——草场持续退化,直至无法养羊,最终所有牧民破产。公地悲剧的本质在于公共

A herds of herdsmen graze in a public meadows, and every herder wants to raise more sheep to increase his personal income. Although they know that there are too many sheep on the grassland, increasing their numbers will reduce their grass quality. However, the cost of grassland degradation is shared by all. Therefore, pastoralists choose to raise sheep for their own benefits. As a result, the “tragedy of the commons” staged - pasture continued to deteriorate until it became impossible to raise sheep, and eventually all pastoralists went bankrupt. The tragedy of the commons is public