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在1848年之前的英国画坛,以皇家艺术学院为绝对权威,笼罩着枯燥乏味和充满正统法则的古板风格。学院派对作品的要求有一定的题材、风格限制,甚至连明暗对比都加以限定,完全脱离自然和现实生活。那种源自文艺复兴时期的提香,并被17世纪的伦勃朗发展完善的褐色明暗调子,给人一种沉稳厚重的感觉,但到了后期却变成沉重的枷锁,严重束缚了艺术创造性的发展。皇家学院的院长约书亚·雷诺兹(Joshua Reynolds)甚至规定了人物的手脚比例,他认为一切都应以拉斐尔为典范。
British painting before 1848, the Royal College of Art as the absolute authority, enveloped the dull and full of orthodox rules of the old-fashioned style. College party work requirements have certain themes, style restrictions, and even the contrast of light and shade are limited, completely out of the natural and real life. The kind of calm and heavy feeling that originated in the Renaissance Titian and was developed by Rembrandt in the 17th century gave a steady, heavy feeling, but in the latter period it became a heavy shackle that severely constrained artistic creativity development of. Joshua Reynolds, the dean of the Royal Academy, even set the proportions of the characters, and he thinks everything should be exemplified by Raphael.