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目的：提出经食管超声（TUS）诊断和鉴别食管平滑肌瘤要点。资料与方法：利用TUS对12例食管平滑肌瘤、83例食管癌和1例胸主动脉瘤压迫食管进行了检查。结果：平滑肌瘤和食管癌均为局部隆起性病变，但平滑肌瘤多为规则的椭圆形或梭形的低回声均质肿块、直方图为左置单峰型、食管外膜完整、不伴转移淋巴结、同周围组织没粘连，与食管癌及转移淋巴结明显不同。结论：TUS不仅能用来诊断与鉴别食管的良、恶性肿块，还可提高临床明确食管外压迫病变性质的能力。
OBJECTIVE: To propose the diagnosis and differentiation of esophageal leiomyoma by transesophageal ultrasound (TUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: TUS was used to examine 12 esophageal leiomyomas, 83 esophageal cancers, and 1 thoracic aortic aneurysm pressured esophagus. Results: The leiomyomas and esophageal cancers were local bulging lesions, but the leiomyomas were mostly regular elliptical or spindle-shaped hypoechoic homogeneous masses. The histogram was left unimodal, and the esophageal adventitia was intact. With lymph node metastasis, no adhesion with surrounding tissues, and significantly different from esophageal cancer and metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion: TUS can not only be used to diagnose and differentiate the benign and malignant masses of the esophagus, but also to improve the clinical ability to define the nature of esophageal oppressive lesions.