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所谓“修辞”,亦即修饰语言.确切地说,就是运用语言材料和各种表现手法来表达思想和感情内容的一种活动.一般地说,修辞的主要作用在指导写作与说话,使之更加准确、生动、鲜明和完善,增强艺术感染力,并能使读者和听众更充分,更正确地理解作者或说话人的原意.从学习古汉语修辞的角度而言,我们着重强调的是更充分、更正确地理解作者原意这个问题.因为我们今天并不运用古汉语进行写作实践,我们学习古汉语修辞的目的,主要在于通晓古人常用的修辞手法,从而扫除阅读上的障碍,更加顺畅地读懂古文.本文拟对高潮同志主编的《语文教程》中法古文选部分所涉及的修辞方法,作一些分析和整理.一、夸饰夸饰是古文中最为常见的一种修辞现象.刘勰在《文心雕龙·夸饰篇》中说:“文辞所被,夸饰恒存.”如果不掌握古人的夸饰手法,在阅读古书中,不但不能完全通晓古人原意,甚至会误解文意,犯“照宇直解”的错误.夸饰也叫夸张,表达时,往往着重主观情意的抒发,说的话表面上看似不符合事实,说得过整其词,但能加深读者的印象,以唤起读者的想象.例如:①民则争端矣,将弃礼而征于书,锥刀之末将尽争之.(《左传·昭公六年》)②则太平之风,可兴于世,永履和乐,与天无极,天下幸甚.(《尚德缓刑书》)③齐之临淄三百闾张袖成阴,挥汗成雨,化?
The so-called “rhetoric”, that is, the modification of language, is precisely the use of language materials and a variety of ways to express ideas and feelings of an activity in general, the main role of rhetoric in the direction of writing and speaking, so that More accurate, vivid, vivid and perfect, enhance the artistic appeal, and make readers and listeners more fully and more correctly understand the original intention of the author or the speaker.From the perspective of learning ancient Chinese rhetoric, we emphatically emphasize more Fully and correctly understand the original intention of the author because we do not practice writing in ancient Chinese today. The purpose of studying rhetoric in ancient Chinese lies mainly in knowing the rhetorical devices commonly used by the ancients in order to remove the barriers to reading and smooth Read ancient Chinese.This article intends to make some analysis and collation of the rhetorical methods involved in the part of the French prose compiled by the comrades of high tide.First, exaggerating the exaggeration is the most common rhetorical phenomenon in classical Chinese.Liu Xun’s “ Wen Xin Diao Long exaggerated articles, ”said:“ the dictation of the words, exaggerated. ”If you do not master the ancient way of exaggeration, in reading ancient books, not only can not All know the original meaning of the ancients, and even misunderstand the text, guilty of “according to Zhiyu solution.” Quarrel also called exaggeration, expression, often focus on the expression of subjective feelings, sayings on the surface seemingly does not conform to the facts, put it bluntly For example: ① People’s Dispute Men, will abandon the ceremony and levy in the book, the end of the cone knife will be the end of the competition. (“Zuo Zhao Gong six years” ) ② The wind is too peaceful, Xing in the world, Wing Lok and music, and the Promise, the world is very fortunate (“Sunder Penal Code”) ③ Qi Linzi three hundred Lu Zhang Zhang Cheng Yin, sweating into the rain,