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目的:分析伴不同程度焦虑症状的咽异感症患者的临床资料,了解疾病的基本临床特征及疗效,并初步分析焦虑状态的可能原因。方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)将患者分为轻度、中度和重度焦虑3组,对比分析各组的一般情况、发病相关因素和疗效预后。采用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)对患者进行焦虑状态分析,并和健康对照组比较。以SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果:①女性(54.05%)伴焦虑症状的比例高于男性(45.95%),且女性伴发中度焦虑的比例高,而男性伴发轻度焦虑的比例高。伴发重度焦虑的比例男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②40~59岁年龄段伴发焦虑的比例最高(60.14%),且伴中度和重度焦虑的比例高于18~39岁和≥60岁年龄段(P<0.05);后2个年龄段之间比较,不同程度焦虑的患者比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③伴轻度和中度焦虑的患者比例分别在病程5~10年和5年以下最高;3个病程段均有一定比例的患者伴发重度焦虑,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④无固定职业和高中以下学历的患者伴发中度焦虑的比例高于有固定职业和高中及以上学历的患者(P<0.05),而伴发轻度和重度焦虑的患者比例与职业和受教育程度无关(P>0.05);焦虑程度与婚姻状况无关,无城乡差别(P>0.05)。⑤不同程度焦虑的患者中有恐癌症的比例均最高,其次为紧张压力大和精神刺激因素。有恐癌症和自觉紧张压力大的患者比例在重度焦虑组均高于中度和轻度焦虑组(P<0.01);精神刺激因素在各组间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);异物强迫思维症和精神病家族史在各组中的比例均较低,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。⑥伴不同程度焦虑的男性和女性患者分别与健康对照组男性和女性比较,状态焦虑(S-AI)得分均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而特质焦虑(T-AI)得分均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。⑦轻、中度焦虑组治愈率(P<0.05)和总有效率(P<0.01)均高于重度焦虑组,轻度焦虑和中度焦虑组治愈率和总有效率分别比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:伴不同程度焦虑症状的咽异感症患者具有各自不同的临床特征和预后,疾病长期得不到改善是导致精神焦虑的主要原因,患者呈现状态焦虑,与常人相比无明显焦虑潜质。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical data of patients with pharyngeal dysarthria with different levels of anxiety, to understand the basic clinical features and therapeutic effects of the disease, and to analyze the possible causes of anxiety. Methods: The anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) was used to classify the patients into three groups: mild, moderate and severe anxiety. The general conditions, incidence-related factors and prognosis of the patients were compared. Patients were assessed for anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and compared with healthy controls. SPSS13.0 software for statistical analysis of the data. Results: ① The proportion of women with anxiety symptoms (54.05%) was higher than that of men (45.95%), and the proportion of women with moderate anxiety was high while that of men with mild anxiety was high. There was no significant difference between men and women with severe anxiety (P> 0.05). ② The proportion of anxiety in the age group of 40-59 years old was the highest (60.14%), and the rate of moderate and severe anxiety was higher than that of 18-39 years old and ≥60 years old (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with different levels of anxiety (P> 0.05). ③ The proportion of patients with mild and moderate anxiety were the highest in 5 to 10 years and under 5 years respectively. A certain proportion of patients with severe anxiety in 3 disease stages had no significant difference (P> 0.05) . (4) The proportion of moderate anxiety associated with non-occupational and high school education was higher than that of those with regular occupational and high school education (P <0.05), while the proportion of patients with mild and severe anxiety was significantly higher than that of occupation and (P> 0.05). The degree of anxiety had no relation with marital status, and there was no difference between urban and rural areas (P> 0.05). ⑤ patients with varying degrees of anxiety have the highest proportion of fear of cancer, followed by intense stress and mental stimulation. The proportion of patients with fear of cancer and conscious stress was significantly higher in patients with severe anxiety than those with moderate and mild anxiety (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in mental stimulation between groups (P> 0.05). The rates of foreign-minded thinking disorder and psychiatric family history were lower in all groups, with no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). (6) Compared with male and female patients in healthy control group, male and female patients with different levels of anxiety had statistically significant differences in S-AI score (P <0.05), while trait anxiety (T-AI) The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). (7) The cure rate of mild and moderate anxiety group (P <0.05) and total effective rate (P <0.01) were higher than that of severe anxiety group, the cure rate and total effective rate of mild anxiety and moderate anxiety groups were respectively Significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The patients with different degrees of anxiety symptoms have different clinical features and prognosis. The long-term unhealthy illness is the main cause of mental anxiety. The patients present with state anxiety and have no obvious anxiety potential compared with normal people.