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比较优势原理是国际贸易理论的基础,基于比较优势的产业间贸易至今依然是国际贸易的主体。本文通过对中美两国不同技术层次产品的比较优势和产业比较优势分布的变迁进行对比,发现中美两国在过去20多年里比较优势都有所优化,但是美国比较优势结构优于中国,拥有强比较优势的部门比中国多,中美国际分工地位仍有较大差距。本文建议从加快技术进步、加速物质资本和人力资本积累等方面推动中国比较优势升级。
The principle of comparative advantage is the basis of international trade theory. Inter-industry trade based on comparative advantages is still the main body of international trade so far. This article compares the comparative advantages of products of different technological levels in China and the United States with changes in the distribution of industrial comparative advantage and finds that the comparative advantages of China and the United States have been optimized over the past two decades. However, the structure of comparative advantage in the United States is superior to that of China, There are more departments with stronger comparative advantages than China, and the status of division of labor between China and the United States still lags far behind. This paper suggests to promote China’s comparative advantage and upgrading in terms of accelerating technological progress, accelerating the accumulation of material capital and human capital.