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树状聚合物及其功能化是近年来高分子科学界的研究热点之一。本文综述了不同类型的树状聚合物,分别有聚酯、聚丙三醇、聚乙烯亚胺等超支化聚合物,聚酰胺-胺、聚丙烯亚胺等树枝状聚合物。通过对树状聚合物末端大量官能团的亲水(亲油)改性可以制备两亲性树状聚合物,改性方法主要有酰胺化反应、酯化反应、Michael加成反应等。与通过缩聚反应得到的上述树状聚合物不同,近年来配位聚合领域出现的通过“链行走”机理形成的树状聚乙烯,引起了高度关注,在这方面本文着重介绍了乙烯与极性单体直接共聚合或者采用“链行走”与原子转移自由基聚合联用制备两亲性树状乙烯聚合物。最后对两亲性树状聚合物领域的发展前景进行了展望。
Dendrimer and its functionalization is one of the hot topics in the field of polymer science in recent years. This article reviews the different types of dendrimers, including hyperbranched polymers such as polyesters, polyglycerols, polyethylenimines, dendrimers such as polyamidoamine and polyacrylimine. Amphiphilic dendrimers can be prepared by hydrophilic (lipophilic) modification of a large number of functional groups at the terminal of the dendrimer. The modification methods include amidation reaction, esterification reaction and Michael addition reaction. Unlike the above dendrimers obtained by polycondensation reaction, the dendritic polyethylene formed by the mechanism of “chain walking” in the field of coordination polymerization has attracted much attention in recent years. In this regard, Polar monomer direct copolymerization or the use of “chain walk ” and atom transfer radical polymerization used in preparation amphiphilic dendrimer. Finally, the prospects for the development of amphiphilic dendrimers are prospected.