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国有经济一直是许多经济体的重要组成部分,包括一些最发达的国家。国有制在经济和非经济方面都有其存在的合理原因,而不同国家和政治体制对政府在经济中所扮演的角色的认识存在不同。国有企业的经营可以以商业考量为基础,或也存在着非商业性的优先考量因素。在某些情况下,国有企业所享受的有利条件可能会妨碍进口国的市场准入或影响出口贸易的竞争。这些有利条件的形式多样,如直接补贴、融资优惠、国家背景担保、倾
The state-owned economy has been an important part of many economies, including some of the most advanced countries. The reason why the state-owned system has its own existence in economic and non-economic aspects is different. However, the understanding of different countries and political systems about the role of the government in the economy is different. The management of SOEs can be based on business considerations or non-commercial priorities. In some cases, favorable conditions enjoyed by state-owned enterprises may hinder market access in importing countries or affect competition in export trade. These favorable conditions are diverse, such as direct subsidies, financial incentives, guarantees of national context, dumping