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目的：探讨人ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６基因失活与直肠癌发生的关系，以及其作为肿瘤标记物在直肠癌诊断中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化方法观察ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６基因产物在１０１例直肠癌组织的表达情况，并与非典型增生、癌旁移行粘膜及正常粘膜进行了比较。结果：癌组织ｐ１６阳性分级表达低于正常粘膜及移行粘膜（Ｐ＜０．０５），粘液腺癌低于管状腺癌（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在管状腺癌中，ｐ１６阳性率随分化程度下降而降低，高低分化癌之间差别有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ｐ１６蛋白的表达缺失与直肠癌的发生有关，且随着分化程度下降ｐ１６表达缺失增加
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the inactivation of MTS1/p16 gene and the occurrence of rectal cancer, and its role as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of rectal cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of MTS1/p16 gene product in 101 cases of rectal cancer, and compared with atypical hyperplasia, paracancerous transitional mucosa and normal mucosa. Results: The positive expression level of p16 in cancer tissue was lower than that in normal mucosa and transitional mucosa (P<0.05). The mucinous adenocarcinoma was lower than that in tubular adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). In tubular adenocarcinoma, the positive rate of p16 decreased with the degree of differentiation, and the difference between high and low differentiated carcinomas was significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of p16 protein expression is associated with the development of rectal cancer, and the loss of p16 expression increases as the degree of differentiation decreases.