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[目的]探讨老年人的人格特征与疾病(包括高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、脑血管病、肿瘤)的关系,为预防与治疗疾病提供科学依据。[方法]2007年11月在太原市采用整群抽样方法选取4个社区的老年人群,男性107例,女性168例,年龄60～83岁,平均71.25岁,用EpiData3.02建立数据库,应用SPSS13.0软件进行χ2检验、t检验及多因素Logistic回归分析。[结果]χ2检验结果:高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、脑血管病、肿瘤中年龄、性别、文化程度与对照组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。t检验发现,卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)中高血压组的4个因素(因素C、H、L、N)、冠心病组的3个因素(因素M、Q3、Q4)、糖尿病组的3个因素(因素L、O、Q4)和脑血管病组的3个因素(因素F、G、Q1)的得分与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);而肿瘤组各自变量得分与对照组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,高血压组具有统计学意义的变量为:因素C(Waldχ2=11.089,P=0.001,OR=0.102,95%CI:0.027~0.391),因素N(Waldχ2=5.517,P=0.019,OR=7.635,95%CI:1.400~41.638);冠心病组具有统计学意义的变量为:因素M(Waldχ2=3.937,P=0.047,OR=0.200,95%CI:0.041~0.981);糖尿病组具有统计学意义的变量为:因素O(Waldχ2=4.797,P=0.029,OR=14.985,95%CI:1.329~168.918)。[结论]高血压与低稳定性及高世故性有关,冠心病与低幻想性有关,糖尿病与高忧虑性有关,而脑血管病与肿瘤在16PF中没有突出的人格特征。
[Objective] To explore the relationship between the personality traits of the elderly and diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease and tumor) and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. [Methods] A total of 107 males and 168 females aged from 60 to 83 years (average 71.25 years old) were enrolled in this study. The data were collected using EpiData 3.02 and SPSS 13 .0 Software χ2 test, t test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. [Results] The results of χ2 test showed no significant difference in hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, tumor age, sex, education level and control group (P> 0.05). t-test found that there were 4 factors in the hypertension group (factors C, H, L, N), 3 factors in coronary heart disease group (factors M, Q3 and Q4), diabetes group (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the three factors (factor L, O, Q4) and the three factors of cerebrovascular disease (factor F, G, Q1) There was no significant difference between group variables and control group (P> 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables with statistical significance in hypertension group were: factor C (Wald 2 = 11.089, P = 0.001, OR = 0.102, 95% CI: 0.027-0.391) = 0.019, OR = 7.635, 95% CI: 1.400 ~ 41.638). The statistically significant variables of coronary heart disease were M (Wald 2 = 3.937, P = 0.047, OR = 0.200, 95% CI: 0.041-0.981) The statistically significant variables in diabetic group were: factor O (Wald 2 = 4.797, P = 0.029, OR = 14.985, 95% CI: 1.329-168.918). [Conclusion] Hypertension is associated with low stability and high mortality. Coronary heart disease is associated with low fantasy. Diabetes mellitus is associated with high anxiety. However, there is no prominent personality trait in cerebrovascular disease and tumor at 16PF.