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莫斯科国家大剧院(以下简称大剧院,见图1)是举世闻名的艺术圣殿,被视为俄罗斯首都的地标性建筑之一。从消防方面来看,它的今昔如何?图1莫斯科大剧院1吸取大剧院重大火灾教训,改善了消防安全这座独一无二的艺术古建筑,曾经在1853年3月11日发生过重大火灾。在莫斯科人记忆中长久地留存着那把大火的情景,尽管其火灾发生的原因至今无人知晓。当时从舞台右侧开始起火,是1名工人在寻找工具时打开一扇门发现的。几乎就在那一时刻,舞台上的布景、道具和帷幕开始燃烧,然后整个木制舞台逐渐燃烧起来。当时大剧院内正巧有70名戏剧学校的学生,幸好这些孩子都被大剧院的两名工友顺利地救出。那时,火势仍然迅猛地由舞台向毗连的一些房间及走廊等通道蔓延,以致有6名木匠在房间众多、通
The National Theater of Moscow (hereinafter referred to as the Grand Theater, see Figure 1) is a world-renowned sanctuary of art and is considered as one of the landmarks of the Russian capital. In terms of firefighting, how has it been? Figure 1 Bolshoi Theater 1 Drawing lessons from the Grand Theater’s major fire and improving fire safety This unique art ancient building was once a major fire on March 11, 1853. The long-awaited scene of the fire in the memory of the Moslem people, despite the fact that the fire was not known until now. At that time, a fire started on the right side of the stage and was discovered by a worker who opened a door while searching for tools. Almost at that moment, the scenes, props and curtains on the stage started to burn, and the entire wooden stage was gradually burned. At that time, there were 70 theater students in the Grand Theater, but fortunately these children were successfully rescued by two of the Grand Theater’s co-workers. At that time, the fire still spread rapidly from the stage to the adjoining rooms and corridors, so that there were 6 carpenters in the room,