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目的调查一起医院ICU水痘聚集性疫情的原因,为今后类似疫情的防控提供参考依据。方法主动搜索该医院ICU内符合病例定义的所有病例并逐一进行个案调查。采用描述性流行病学方法,分析本次疫情中病例的分布特征,追溯传染源及传播链。结果 2014年11月16日—12月2日,该院ICU陆续发生6例水痘-带状疱疹病例,呈明显的聚集性。首发病例为ICU昏迷患者,后续5例水痘病例均为护理该患者的医务人员。6例病例中,男女比为1∶1,年龄21~84岁,水痘疫苗接种史均不详。结论医院感染可能为本次疫情的重要原因。加强监测,严格控制医院感染,做好水痘疫苗免疫接种,开展宣传教育是防控水痘疫情的有效措施。
Objective To investigate the causes of the chickenpox epidemic in ICU in the hospital and provide reference for prevention and control of similar epidemic in the future. Methods Active search of all cases in the hospital ICU that meet the definition of the case and case-by-case investigation. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of cases in this epidemic and to trace the source of infection and transmission chain. Results From November 16, 2014 to December 2, 2014, six cases of varicella-zoster were found in ICU of the hospital, showing obvious aggregation. The first case was ICU unconscious patients, follow-up of 5 cases of chickenpox were nursing the patient’s medical staff. Among 6 cases, the ratio of male to female was 1: 1, ranging from 21 to 84 years old. The history of varicella vaccination was unknown. Conclusion Hospital infection may be an important cause of the outbreak. Strengthening monitoring, strict control of hospital infection, good varicella vaccine immunization, to carry out publicity and education is an effective measure to prevent and control the epidemic of chicken pox.