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胃癌根据其组织学的差异主要分为两种,其流行病学、致病机制、基因谱和临床预后具有明显的差异。肠型胃癌发生是多因素、多步骤的过程,在肠型胃癌和癌前病变中常见的包括点突变、杂合度缺失、微卫星不稳定和高度甲基化。而在弥漫型胃癌中,往往没有癌前病变的发生,E-钙黏蛋白基因的变异和表观遗传的基因沉默可能是导致弥漫型胃癌发生的关键原因。胃癌遗传学研究的深化将有助于快速开发新的诊断技术和分子靶向治疗措施。
According to their histological differences in gastric cancer is divided into two kinds, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, genealogy and clinical prognosis have significant differences. Gastric gastral carcinogenesis is a multifactorial and multistep process. It is common in enteric gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions including point mutations, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability and hypermethylation. In diffuse gastric cancer, there is often no precancerous lesions, E-cadherin gene mutations and epigenetic gene silencing may be the key reason for the occurrence of diffuse gastric cancer. The deepening of gastric cancer genetics research will help to rapidly develop new diagnostic techniques and molecular targeted therapies.