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为创建海涂海水种、养复合清洁生产模式,首先要探索海水灌溉经济植物的种植条件,为此,在苏北滩涂布置田间小区试验,研究海水灌溉下氮肥与海水对籽粒苋生长的耦合效应。结果表明:1)20%海水灌溉下,施纯氮量120kg.hm-2,植株鲜草和籽粒产量均显著高于施纯氮量60kg.hm-2下的产量,且与施纯氮量180kg.hm-2处理下的产量差异不显著;40%海水灌溉下,施氮120kg.hm-2时籽粒产量最高,但其产量显著低于20%海水灌溉、施纯氮量120kg.hm-2下的产量。2)鲜草产量在淡水灌溉、施纯氮60kg.hm-2下达到最高值,籽粒产量在淡水灌溉,施纯氮180kg.hm-2下达到最高值。但20%海水灌溉、施纯氮120kg.hm-2组合下,籽粒产量和鲜草产量均未与最高产量达显著差异。3)随施氮量的增加,茎、叶中K+含量增加,而根、茎、叶中Na+含量和Cl-含量均先减少后增加。在施氮量为120kg.hm-2范围内,茎K+/Na+随施氮量的增加而升高,施氮量进一步增加,K+/Na+又随之下降。4)20%海水灌溉下,叶片氮素含量在120kg.hm-2处理下达到最高值,在40%海水处理下,氮肥施用对叶片氮素含量影响不显著。综上所述,在苏北沿海滩涂20%海水灌溉下施氮120kg.hm-2可显著提高籽粒苋的耐盐性,提高其经济生物产量。
In order to create a new type of sea-tide seawater and to combine and clean the production mode, we must first explore the planting conditions of economic plants for seawater irrigation. To this end, field experiments were conducted in the tidal flats of northern Jiangsu to study the coupling effects of nitrogen and seawater on the growth of grain amaranth under seawater irrigation. The results showed as follows: 1) Under the condition of 20% seawater irrigation, the pure nitrogen and the grain yield were all significantly higher than those under the pure nitrogen application of 60kg.hm-2, Under the 40% seawater irrigation, the grain yield was the highest under 120kg.hm-2 N application, but the yield was significantly lower than that of 20% seawater irrigation. The application of pure nitrogen was 120kg.hm-2, 2 under the production. 2) The yield of fresh grass reaches the highest value in the fresh water irrigation, applying pure nitrogen 60kg.hm-2, and the grain yield reaches the highest value under the condition of freshwater irrigation and application of pure nitrogen 180kg.hm-2. However, under the combination of 20% seawater irrigation and application of pure nitrogen 120kg.hm-2, the grain yield and fresh grass yield did not significantly differ from the highest yield. 3) With the increase of nitrogen application, K + content in stems and leaves increased, but Na + content and Cl- content in roots, stems and leaves first decreased and then increased. In the range of 120 kg · hm-2, K + / Na + increased with the increase of N application rate, N application rate further increased and K + / Na + decreased subsequently. 4) Under 20% seawater irrigation, the nitrogen content of leaves reached the highest under the treatment of 120kg.hm-2. Under the treatment of 40% seawater, the nitrogen application had no significant effect on the leaf nitrogen content. To sum up, under the 20% seawater irrigation along the coastal beach in northern Jiangsu, nitrogen application 120kg.hm-2 can significantly improve the salt tolerance of amaranthus and improve its economic bio-yield.