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干细胞是一类具有多向分化潜能的细胞群,如胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)、诱导多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,i PSC)等,可在特定的条件下向包括视网膜感光细胞在内的多种细胞分化。小分子化合物是一类由组织细胞合成、分泌的小分子多肽类因子,特定的小分子化合物可作用于干细胞诱导其向视网膜感光细胞分化。目前,对干细胞体外培养,通过使用不同的诱导培养方案,探索干细胞向视网膜感光细胞分化的研究成为热点。早期,研究者们主要在共培养条件下采用小分子化合物诱导ESC向视网膜感光细胞分化,随着研究的进展,逐渐开始探索在无共培养条件下小分子化合物诱导ESC向视网膜感光细胞的分化以及小分子化合物诱导i PSC向视网膜感光细胞的分化。本文主要就小分子化合物促进ESC和i PSC向视网膜感光细胞分化的研究进展进行综述。
Stem cells are a group of cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, such as embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and so on, which can be used under certain conditions to include retinal photoreceptor cells A variety of cell differentiation. Small molecule compounds are a class of small molecule peptide factors synthesized and secreted by tissue cells. Specific small molecule compounds can act on stem cells to induce their differentiation into retinal photoreceptors. At present, the research of stem cell differentiation into retinal photoreceptor cells has become a hot spot in vitro culture of stem cells by using different induction culture programs. In the early stage, researchers mainly used small molecule compounds to induce ESC differentiation into retinal photoreceptor cells under co-culture conditions. As the research progressed, they gradually began to explore the differentiation of ESC into retinal photoreceptors induced by small molecule compounds under the condition of no co-culture Small molecule compounds induce the differentiation of i PSCs into retinal photoreceptors. This review summarizes the progress of small molecule compounds in promoting the differentiation of ESC and i PSC into retinal photoreceptor cells.