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目的分析北京市昌平区2008—2015年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI信息管理系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法通过中国AEFI信息管理系统收集2008—2015年北京市昌平区AEFI个案数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对AEFI分布特征和相关指标进行分析。结果 2008—2015年北京市昌平区共报告AEFI 926例,分布于所辖20个街(镇)。94.38%的个案在24 h内报告,96.76%的个案在48 h内报告。99.35%的个案在48 h内完成调查。所报告AEFI的男女性别比为1.25∶1;AEFI年龄分布:<1岁组占37.69%,1~6岁组占46.98%,>6岁组占15.33%;AEFI发生时间:89.19%在接种后≤1 d内发生。2008—2015年昌平区AEFI总发生率为11.56/10万,其中预防接种异常反应估算发生率为4.07/10万。AEFI的一般反应以发热和局部红肿为主,异常反应以过敏性皮疹、荨麻疹为主,严重异常反应少见。结论昌平区AEFI主要发生在<1岁组儿童及免疫接种后1 d内,异常反应发生率在预期范围内。近年昌平区AEFI监测敏感性有较大提高,但仍有少数指标未达到《北京市预防接种工作技术规范》要求,应加强相关培训和督导以提高AEFI监测质量。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of suspected AEFI in Changping District of Beijing from 2008 to 2015 and evaluate the operation of AEFI and the safety of vaccination. Methods The data of AEFI in Changping District of Beijing from 2008 to 2015 were collected through China AEFI Information Management System. The characteristics of AEFI distribution and related indicators were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 926 cases of AEFI were reported in Changping District of Beijing from 2008 to 2015 and distributed in 20 towns (towns). 94.38% reported cases within 24 hours and 96.76% reported cases within 48 hours. 99.35% of the cases completed the investigation within 48 hours. AEFI was reported to have a ratio of men to women of 1.25: 1; AEFI age distribution: 37.69% for patients <1 year old, 46.98% for children aged 1-6, 15.33%> 6 years old, and 89.19% for AEFI after vaccination ≤ 1 d occurred. The total incidence of AEFI in Changping District during 2008-2015 was 11.56 / 100000, of which the estimated incidence of abnormal vaccination was 4.07 / 100000. AEFI general response to fever and local redness-based, abnormal reaction to an allergic rash, urticaria-based, severe abnormal reaction rare. Conclusions AEFI in Changping District occurred mainly in children <1 year old and within 1 d after immunization. The incidence of abnormal reaction was within the expected range. In recent years, the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in Changping District has been greatly improved. However, there are still a few indicators that fail to meet the requirements of the “Technical Specifications for Vaccination in Beijing”. Relevant training and supervision should be strengthened to improve AEFI monitoring quality.