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公共设施致害的国家赔偿制度是日本《国家赔偿法》的特色制度,该法第2条明确了公共设施致害的责任,而道路与江河在其中具有典型意义。道路致害赔偿的处理涉及使用人情况、道路情况、自然条件等。在江河致害赔偿诉讼中日本最高法院给出了瑕疵判断标准。公共设施致害的将来损害赔偿出现在持续性损害案件中,日本一度在“大阪机场诉讼”的二审判决中得到肯定。
The system of state compensation for the damage caused by public facilities is a distinctive system of Japan’s State Compensation Law. Article 2 of the law clarifies the responsibility of public facilities for causing damage, and the road and river are of typical significance. Road damage compensation involves the handling of the situation, the road conditions, natural conditions. Japan’s Supreme Court gave a flaw judgment in the prosecution of tort damages. In the case of continuing damages, Japan’s compensation was rewarded in the second instance of “Osaka Airport Action” once.