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市场经济中的微观运行以要素的贡献来确定在分配中的份额,由于要素的稀缺程度和空间上分布的非均衡,初次分配中的差异不可避免,这是市场失灵的一个重要方面。“以人民为中心”的政治经济学理念的提出,事实上是马克思主义政治经济学“以劳动者为中心”的分析理念的延续和现实表现。在市场经济运行中,首先是要素的内涵在发生变化,劳动力所蕴含的人力资本因子不断增长,成为不少企业效率提升的重要元素。同时,微观经济的一些法则与宏观经济有冲突,某些微观规则到宏观经济运行反成为“合成谬误”,需要公共政策来做相应的调适。基于政治经济学理念的这些分析,与现代经济学有着一定程度上的差异,要素贡献的市场法则与“以人民为中心”的政治经济学理念之间,需要引入人力资本贡献差异分析,并且还要有一个公共政策的桥梁来连接。
The micro-operation in a market economy determines the share of distribution in terms of the contribution of factors. The inequality in primary distribution is inevitable due to the scarcity of factors and the spatial distribution of non-equilibrium, which is an important aspect of market failure. The concept of political economy centered on the people is actually a continuation and reality of the analytic concept of “working people as the center” of Marxist political economy. In the operation of market economy, the connotation of the elements is changing at first, and the human capital factor contained in the labor force is constantly increasing, which has become an important element of the efficiency improvement of many enterprises. At the same time, some laws of the micro-economy have conflicts with the macroeconomy, and some micro-rules have turned into “fallacies of synthesis” to the operation of the macroeconomy. They need public policies to make corresponding adjustments. These analyzes based on the concept of political economy have a certain degree of difference from modern economics. Market laws of factor contribution and the political economy concept of “people as the center” need to introduce the difference analysis of human capital contribution, and also There must be a public policy bridge to connect.