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储粮害虫的危害造成储粮严重损失,化学农药的种种弊端使开发新型环境友好型药剂非常迫切,植物由于其自身的特点,成为开发新型药剂的重要来源。我们的前期研究表明,水菖蒲Acorus calamus提取物对多种储粮害虫具有明显的触杀活性,并且分离得到了其主要活性组分β-细辛醚。本研究采用硅胶柱层析法,并以对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais的触杀活性进行追踪,对水菖蒲提取物进行分离,得到另一活性组分。经气相色谱-质谱联用、红外吸收光谱和核磁共振波谱方法鉴定,该活性组分为单体化合物菖蒲螺酮(1-异丙基-4,8-二甲基螺[4.5〗癸-2,7-二酮)。将菖蒲螺酮以314.54,251.63,188.72,125.82和62.91μg/cm2的浓度处理玉米象96h后,玉米象的死亡率分别为85.6%,72.2%,53.3%,38.9%和15.6%。处理96h后,菖蒲螺酮对玉米象成虫的LD50为158.00μg/cm2。这些结果说明菖蒲螺酮对玉米象具有明显的生物活性,是水菖蒲提取物中除β-细辛醚以外的又一活性组分。
The harm of stored grain pests causes serious losses of grain storage. The disadvantages of chemical pesticides make it very urgent to develop new environmentally friendly pharmaceuticals. Because of their own characteristics, plants have become an important source of developing new pharmaceuticals. Our previous studies showed that Acorus calamus extract had obvious contact activity against many stored grain pests, and its main active component, β-asarone, was isolated. In this study, silica gel column chromatography was used to trace the contact activity of corn, Sitophilus zeamais, and the Acorus calamus extract was separated to obtain another active ingredient. It was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared absorption spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The active component was identified as monomeric compound Ipomospirone (1-isopropyl-4,8-dimethylspiro [4.5] , 7-dione). The mortality rates of maize elephants were 85.6%, 72.2%, 53.3%, 38.9% and 15.6% at the concentrations of 314.54,251.63,188.72,125.82 and 62.91μg / cm2, respectively. After treatment for 96h, the LD50 of irispirone to adult maize was 158.00μg / cm2. These results indicate that irispirone has obvious bioactivity on corn and is another active ingredient in Acorus calamus extract except β-asarone.