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[目的]进一步摸清燃煤污染型氟中毒病区农户生活能源使用状况,为地氟病防治提供更新的科学依据。[方法]2008年,在贵州省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区抽取4个贫困县和4个一般县的部分农户,调查夏、冬季节生活能源、炉灶使用情况及对改良炉灶类型的愿望。[结果]调查农户80户,夏季用煤率为71.25%,用电率为31.25%,用柴草率为10.00%,用沼气率为2.50%;电炊具使用率为31.25%,台灶和蜂窝煤炉使用率均为27.50%,回风铁炉使用率为18.75%,烧柴灶使用率为7.50%;冬季取暖用煤率为93.75%,用柴草率为6.25%;回风铁炉拥有率为63.75%,回风铁炉烟囱出屋率为60.78%,回风铁炉冬季使用率为70.59%,全年使用率为29.41%。调查76户未实施改良炉灶项目的农户,期望改良电炊具的占42.11%,改良回风铁炉的占38.16%,改良台灶的占15.79%,改良烟管的占3.95%。[结论]贵州省燃煤污染型氟病区农户仍以煤为主要的生活能源,但夏季有相当比例的家庭将电作为主要的生活能源或作为燃煤能源的补充。
[Objective] To further ascertain the living energy use status of farmers in coal-fired pollution fluorosis area and provide new scientific basis for the prevention and control of ground fluorosis. [Method] In 2008, some farmers in 4 poor counties and 4 general counties were sampled in the coal-burning fluorosis poisoning ward of Guizhou Province to investigate the energy use in summer and winter, the use of stoves and the desire to improve the type of stoves. [Result] 80 households were surveyed. The coal consumption rate in summer was 71.25%, the electricity utilization rate was 31.25%, the firewood rate was 10.00%, the biogas utilization rate was 2.50%; the electricity cooker utilization rate was 31.25% The utilization rate of return air furnace was 18.75%, the utilization rate of firewood furnace was 7.50%, the rate of coal for heating in winter was 93.75%, the rate of firewood was 6.25%, and the rate of returning iron furnace was 63.75% %, Return to the blast furnace furnace exit rate of 60.78%, return air furnace winter utilization was 70.59%, the annual utilization rate of 29.41%. Investigation of 76 households that did not implement the improved stove project expected 42.11% improvement of electric cookers, improved return air stoves accounted for 38.16%, improved stoves accounted for 15.79%, improved cigarettes accounted for 3.95%. [Conclusion] The coal-based living energy is still the main source of household energy in coal-fueled areas in Guizhou Province, but a considerable proportion of households in summer use electricity as the main source of living energy or as a supplement to coal-fired energy.