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微小RNA（ microRNA）是一类非编码小分子RNA，在基因表达调控中起重要作用，它通过与靶mRNA的特异性结合，导致靶mRNA降解或者抑制其翻译，对基因进行转录后调控，从而控制细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等，参与疾病的发生发展。成骨细胞是骨形成过程中的重要细胞，其数量或功能的改变明显影响骨代谢。近年来，microRNA与骨代谢的关系备受关注，诸多研究表明microRNA在成骨细胞的分化中发挥重要调控作用，但其调节成骨细胞增殖和凋亡的研究相对较少。本文就microRNA调控成骨细胞增殖、凋亡的研究进展进行综述。“,”microRNA ( miRNA) is a class of non-coding small RNA that plays an important role in regulating the gene expression. miRNA participates in the gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by binding to target the mRNA, resulting in degradation of the target mRNA or in inhibition of its translation, thereby controlling the cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and consequently involves in the development and progression of diseases.The osteoblast is a key member in bone formation.Bone metabolism is closely related to the change of osteoblast number or function.Recently, the relationship between miRNA and bone metabolism has been concerned mostly. Many studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in the differentiation of osteoblast.However, the research of miRNA in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblast is relatively little.This paper reviews the research progress of miRNA in regulation of osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.