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用光弹性试验研究复杂荷载和边界条件下薄板的内力是一个重要的分析手段.在确定板的内力有反射法、透射法和贴片法三种途径.由于模型制作上的某些困难,即制得不同应力光系数的两种材料不易做到,透射法并未得到很大应用.反射法因模型板制作较简单,只要配备反射式光弹仪就能进行试验,故有一定进展.采用反射法时模型板的制作,至今仍采用涂铝漆的方法形成反射层,这样虽然制作模型比较简单,但难以做到均匀光结,反射效果欠佳,需要改进、贴片法可在实物板确定表面应变(应力)上直接应用,但因其灵敏度较低,多用在塑性问题研究.
The use of photoelasticity tests to study the internal forces of thin plates under complex loads and boundary conditions is an important analytical method. There are three ways to determine the internal forces of plates: reflection, transmission, and patching. Due to certain difficulties in model making, Two kinds of materials with different optical coefficients of stress are not easy to achieve, and the transmission method is not widely used. The reflection method is relatively simple because the model plate is made. As long as it is equipped with a reflective photoelastic instrument, it can be tested, so there is some progress. In the reflection method, the production of the model plate is still using aluminum paint to form the reflection layer. Although the production model is relatively simple, it is difficult to achieve a uniform light knot, the reflection effect is not good, and improvement is needed. The patch method can be used in the physical plate. The direct application of the surface strain (stress) is determined, but because of its low sensitivity, it is mostly used in the study of plasticity problems.