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目的分析建筑陶瓷粉尘对作业工人的职业健康危害。方法选择某建筑陶瓷厂885名粉尘作业工人为接尘组,以195名非粉尘作业工人为对照组,对2组人员进行职业健康检查,结合工作场所空气中粉尘测定结果进行分析。结果该陶瓷厂工作场所陶瓷粉尘中游离二氧化硅(Si O2)质量分数为21.1%~38.0%(28.3±6.5)%。总粉尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)为0.10~8.20 mg/m3,超标率28.95%(11/38),最高超过职业接触限值7.2倍;呼吸性粉尘CTWA为0.10~1.79 mg/m3,超标率为18.42%(7/38),最高超过职业接触限值1.6倍。接尘组诊断陶工尘肺6例(壹期5例,贰期1例),检出率为0.68%。粉尘作业禁忌证检出率为1.69%(15/885)。接尘组肺通气功能异常检出率高于对照组(9.60%vs 2.56%,P<0.01)。接尘组工人心电图异常率高于对照组(8.81%vs 1.54%,P<0.01)。结论建筑陶瓷粉尘对作业工人健康危害较为严重。有关企业应加强对粉尘危害的控制工作,保护工人健康。
Objective To analyze the occupational health hazards of building ceramic dust to workers. Methods A total of 885 dust workers in a construction ceramics factory were chosen as the dust collection group and 195 non-dust workers as the control group. Occupational health examination was conducted for 2 groups of workers and the dust was measured in the air of the workplace. Results The mass fraction of free silicon dioxide (Si O2) in the ceramic factory workplace was 21.1% -38.0% (28.3 ± 6.5)%. The time-weighted average concentration of total dust (CTWA) was 0.10-8.20 mg / m3 and the over-standard rate was 28.95% (11/38), the maximum exposure limit was 7.2 times the occupational exposure limit. The CTWA of respirable dust was 0.10-1.79 mg / m3, 18.42% (7/38), up to 1.6 times the occupational exposure limit. In the dust group, 6 cases of potter’s pneumoconiosis were diagnosed (one in 5 cases and one in II), with a detection rate of 0.68%. Dust job contraindications detection rate was 1.69% (15/885). The detection rate of lung ventilation dysfunction in the dust collection group was higher than that in the control group (9.60% vs 2.56%, P <0.01). The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram in workers exposed to dust was higher than that in the control group (8.81% vs 1.54%, P <0.01). Conclusion Building ceramic dust is more harmful to workers’ health. Relevant enterprises should step up their efforts to control dust hazards and protect their health.