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在道德理由的正当性问题上,有三种基本理论,即唯意志论、实在论和康德主义的建构理论。这三种道德理论,对是否存在道德理由的问题,给出肯定的回答。然而问题的关键在于,道德理由正当性的基础是什么。科斯嘉德基于反思性道德理由:一方面批评唯意志论、实在论和康德主义的建构理论对道德理由正当性的解释;另一方面她主张以反思的权威作为道德理由正当性的基础,用反思性道德理由来阐明道德理由的正当性。如果从道德内在主义的立场来考察科斯嘉德的反思性道德理由,不仅能够深化我们对康德道德哲学的理解,而且能够有效地说明道德理由的正当性问题。
There are three kinds of basic theories on the justification of moral reason, that is, volition theory, realism and Kantian construction theory. The three moral theories give affirmative answers to the question of whether there are moral reasons. However, the crux of the problem lies in what is the basis for the justification of moral justification. Cosgard, based on reflective moral reasons, criticizes the constructivism of Will-Theory, Realism and Kantianism on the justification of moral reasons on the one hand, and on the other, advocates that the authority of introspection be used as the basis of justification of moral reason, Sexual moral reasons to clarify the justification of moral reasons. If we look at Coscard’s reflective moral reason from the perspective of moral internalism, we can not only deepen our understanding of Kant’s moral philosophy, but also effectively explain the legitimacy of moral reason.