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本试验采用汉诺威焊接质量分析仪对电弧电压和焊接电流信号进行采集,并自动生成电压电流波形图、电弧电压和焊接电流的概率密度分布图(PDD图)及短路时间、燃弧时间、加权燃弧时间、短路周期的频次分布图(CFD图),并分析电弧过程的电特性,找到熔滴过渡以及焊缝成形的主要影响因素。结果表明:电弧电压和电流对短路过渡有明显影响。电弧电压影响电弧稳定性、飞溅大小、焊缝熔宽等。电压偏低,过渡过程不稳定,飞溅较大;电压偏高,将会出现混合过渡;当电弧电压在18V时,电弧稳定性较好。焊接电流影响焊丝熔化速度、过渡频率、飞溅大小、焊缝质量等。电流偏低,出现断弧现象,焊缝成形差;电流过高,飞溅大,电弧不稳定,出现无效短路;焊接电流在160 A左右焊接电弧较稳定,飞溅少,焊缝成形好。
In this experiment, the welding voltage signal and welding current signal were collected by Hannover welding quality analyzer, and voltage and current waveforms, probability density distribution (PDD) graph of arc voltage and welding current, and short circuit time, arcing time, Arc time and short-circuit frequency distribution chart (CFD), and analyze the electrical characteristics of the arc process to find the main factors affecting the droplet transfer and weld formation. The results show that arc voltage and current have obvious influence on short circuit transition. Arc voltage affects the stability of the arc, the size of the spatter, and weld weld width. Low voltage, the transition process is unstable, splash larger; high voltage, there will be a mixed transition; when the arc voltage is 18V, the arc stability is better. Welding current affect wire melting speed, transition frequency, splash size, weld quality. The current is too low, the phenomenon of broken arc appears, the weld is poorly formed; the current is too high, the splash is large, the arc is unstable, and the short circuit is invalid; the welding current is stable at 160 A with less spatter and good weld formation.