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目的:探讨宁夏回族自治区（简称宁夏）银川地区儿童与成人布鲁菌病骨关节炎患者临床特点的差异。方法:采用回顾性分析方法，收集2009年1月至2019年9月宁夏医科大学附属医院确诊的布鲁菌病骨关节炎患者的临床资料，按年龄分为儿童（0~14岁，50例）和成人（≥15岁，236例）两组，对两组患者的流行病学特征、临床表现、实验室检查结果进行对比分析。结果:儿童中，男性39例、女性11例，以学龄期（8~14岁，25例）多见；成人中，男性179例、女性57例，以中老年（46~65岁，128例）多见。两组发病高峰均为3-8月（儿童39例、成人142例）。两组共有266例患者（儿童40例、成人226例）有接触史，其中226例患者（儿童28例、成人198例）接触牛、羊等活畜。临床表现中，与儿童比较，成人腰背痛[38.00%（19/50）比63.98%（151/236）]、多汗[6.00%（3/50）比30.08%（71/236）]、乏力发生率[8.00%（4/50）比34.75%（82/236）]均较高，单关节痛[70.00%（35/50）比19.49%（46/236）]、发热[72.00%（36/50）比49.15%（116/236）]、淋巴结肿大发生率[30.00%（15/50）比2.54%（6/236）]均较低，差异均有统计学意义（n P均< 0.05）。儿童以膝关节（62.00%，31/50）、髋关节受累（42.00%，21/50）较为常见，无脊柱受累；成人以脊柱受累（55.51%，131/236）最常见。儿童白细胞计数升高[18.00%（9/50）比6.36%（15/236）]、淋巴细胞百分比升高[82.00%（41/50）比27.12%（64/236）]、血小板升高[24.00%（12/50）比8.90%（21/236）]、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高[64.00%（32/50）比30.08%（71/236）]、丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高[38.00%（19/50）比20.76%（49/236）]、贫血发生率[42.00%（21/50）比16.53%（39/236）]均高于成人，中性粒细胞百分比升高[0（0/50）比9.75%（23/236）]、低白蛋白血症[2.00%（1/50）比14.41%（34/236）]、低钠[2.00%（1/50）比10.17%（24/236）]、C-反应蛋白（CRP）升高发生率[50.00%（25/50）比77.12%（182/236）]均低于成人，差异均有统计学意义（n P均< 0.05）。儿童血培养阳性率（65.22%，30/46）高于成人（40.54%，60/148），差异有统计学意义（n P < 0.05）。n 结论:宁夏银川地区儿童与成人布鲁菌病骨关节炎患者临床特点存在差异，特别是骨关节受累部位在儿童与成人中差异明显。“,”Objective:To investigate the difference of clinical characteristics of children and adults with brucellosis osteoarthritis in Yinchuan, Ningxia.Methods:The clinical data of patients with brucellosis osteoarthritis who were diagnosed in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2009 to September 2019 were collected retrospectively. According to age, the patients were divided into two groups: children (0-14 years old, 50 cases) and adults (≥15 years old, 236 cases). Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:Among children, 39 were males and 11 were females, school age children (8-14 years old, 25 cases) were more common; among adults, 179 were males and 57 were females, middle-aged and elderly people (46-65 years old, 128 cases) were more common. The peak incidence of both groups was from March to August (39 children and 142 adults). In the two groups, a total of 266 patients (40 children and 226 adults) were recorded with a history of exposure, of which 226 patients (28 children and 198 adults) had contacted with cattle, sheep and other live animals. In clinical manifestations, compared with children, adults had higher incidences of low back pain [38.00% (19/50) n vs 63.98% (151/236)], hyperhidrosis [6.00% (3/50) n vs 30.08% (71/236)] and fatigue [8.00% (4/50) n vs 34.75% (82/236)], and lower incidences of single joint pain [70.00% (35/50) n vs 19.49% (46/236)], fever [72.00% (36/50) n vs 49.15% (116/236)], and lymph node enlargement [30.00% (15/50) n vs 2.54% (6/236)], and the differences were statistically significant (n P < 0.05). Among children, the knee joint involvement (62.00%, 31/50) and hip joint involvement (42.00%, 21/50) were more common, but spinal involvement was not found; while among adults, spinal involvement (55.51%, 131/236) was the most common. The incidences of elevated white blood cell count [18.00% (9/50) n vs 6.36% (15/236)], elevated percentage of lymphocytes [82.00% (41/50) n vs 27.12% (64/236)], elevated platelet [24.00% (12/50) n vs 8.90% (21/236)], elevated aspartate aminotransferase [64.00% (32/50) n vs 30.08% (71/236)], elevated alanine aminotransferase [38.00% (19/50) n vs 20.76% (49/236)] and anemia [42.00% (21/50) n vs 16.53% (39/236)] in children were higher than those in adults; the incidences of elevated percentage of neutrophils [0 (0/50) n vs 9.75% (23/236)], hypoalbuminemia [2.00% (1/50) n vs 14.41% (34/236)], low sodium [2.00% (1/50) n vs 10.17% (24/236)], elevated C-reactive protein [50.00% (25/50) n vs 77.12% (182/236)] in children were lower than those in adults, and the differences were statistically significant (n P < 0.05). The positive rate of blood culture in children (65.22%, 30/46) was higher than that in adults (40.54%, 60/148), and the difference was statistically significant ( n P < 0.05).n Conclusions:There are differences in clinical characteristics between children and adults with brucellosis osteoarthritis in Yinchuan, Ningxia. In particular, there is a significant difference between children and adults in the location of bone and joint involvement.