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运用１：１配对的病例对照研究方法，对１０３名６～１２岁学习困难儿童和与其性别、年龄匹配的１０３名学习优良儿童进行调查，探讨生物因素和家庭环境因素与儿童学习困难的关系。在单因素分析的基础上，对典型变量进行多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果表明：母亲文化程度中等以下、家庭人均住房面积少、母亲有自然流产史以及儿童有早期发育迟缓史为学习困难的主要危险因素（ＯＲ＞１．Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而骨龄与实足年龄的差值、头枕部１００ｃｍα波数与学习困难发生危险呈负相关（ＯＲ＜１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文结果显示，儿童学习困难是生物因素及社会环境因素综合作用的结果。
A one-to-one case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between 103 biological factors and family environment factors and children’s learning difficulties in 103 children aged 6-12 with learning difficulties and their gender and age-matched children with learning disabilities. Based on the univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the typical variables. The results showed that the main risk factors for learning difficulties were lower maternal education level, less per capita housing area, mother’s history of spontaneous abortion and children’s early developmental delay (OR> 1.P <0.05 or P <0.01) ). However, the difference between bone age and actual age was negatively correlated with the risk of learning difficulties (OR <1, P <0.01). The results show that children’s learning difficulties are the result of the combined effect of biological factors and social environmental factors.