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In order to investigate the role of the expression of the Fas/FasL in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) and the level of IL-2 in serum of patients with condyloma acuminata (CA) in the immune pathogenesis of CA, flow cytometry, indirect immunofluorescence labeling and ELISA were performed to detect the expression of the apoptotic regulatory proteins Fas/FasL in PBLC and the level of IL-2 in serum of 60 patients with different course of CA. The results showed that the expression of Fas/FasL in PBLC of the group of short course in CA was significantly higher than that of the normal controls (P<0.05); the expression of Fas, FasL in PBLC of the group of long course CA was significantly higher than that of the group of short course and the normal controls (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively); the level of IL-2 in serum of the group of short and long course CA was significantly lower than that of the group of normal controls (P<0.01); the negative relation was revealed between the expression of Fas/FasL in PBLC and the level of IL-2 in serum of patients with CA (r=－0.76, P<0.01). It was suggested that the abnormal apoptosis in PBLC and decreased level of IL-2 in serum of CA might play an important role in the course of CA.