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瑞士语言学家索绪尔作过这样一个比喻 :语言好比一张纸 ,思想是其正面 ,声音是其反面。在结构主义语言学看来 ,思想和意义 (概念 )是传统历时性语言学阐释的对象 ,而作为语言视听成分的能指则是共时性语言学关注的对象。当代美国著名学者詹姆逊认为 ,语言的这两个方面不仅是一种不同的哲学、而且也是一个完全不同的学科领域出发点。索绪尔对语言学进行的结构主义革命 ,就是把他的理论建立在语言的一个系统———共时性系统上的。共时性不仅支配着结构主义的语言学革命 ,而且对结构主义在文学领域的影响亦具有重大作用
Saussure, a Swiss linguist, made the analogy: language is like a piece of paper, its thought is its front, and its voice is its opposite. In the view of structuralist linguistics, thought and meaning (concept) are the objects of traditional diachronic linguistics interpretation, and the signifier of language audiovisual composition is the object of attention of synchronic linguistics. Jameson, a famous contemporary American scholar, believes that these two aspects of language are not only a different philosophy, but also a totally different subject area. Saussure’s structuralist revolution in linguistics built his theory on a synchronic system of languages. Synchronicity not only dominates the linguistic revolution of structuralism but also plays a significant role in the influence of structuralism in the field of literature