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目的掌握大连小学水痘爆发疫情的特征和规律,制定科学有效的预防控制措施。方法采用流行病学方法对2013年大连市小学水痘爆发疫情的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2013年大连市小学共报告19起水痘爆发疫情,罹患138人,总罹患率为0.63%。4、5和12月为高发月份。爆发疫情分布在7个县区,其中城区共发生6起,报告病例48例,占总病例的34.78%;城乡结合部共发生13起,报告病例90例,占65.22%。病例主要集中在6~11岁,共报告134例。有水痘疫苗免疫史的发热率、中重度出疹率与无免疫史和免疫史不详组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论学校是水痘爆发疫情发生的主要场所,应针对其流行病学特征,做好水痘预防知识的宣传,加强春冬季疫情的监测控制,尽早完善我国水痘疫苗免疫策略,切实保障人群健康。
Objective To grasp the characteristics and rules of the outbreak of chickenpox in Dalian primary school and to establish a scientific and effective preventive and control measures. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox outbreak in primary school of Dalian in 2013 were analyzed by epidemiological method. Results In 2013, a total of 19 chickenpox outbreaks were reported in primary schools in Dalian City, 138 people were affected. The total attack rate was 0.63%. 4,5 and 12 months for the high incidence of the month. Outbreaks were distributed in 7 counties and districts, of which 6 occurred in urban areas, 48 reported cases, accounting for 34.78% of the total cases; there were 13 cases of urban-rural combination and 90 cases were reported, accounting for 65.22%. The cases mainly concentrated in 6 to 11 years old, a total of 134 cases were reported. There was a history of varicella vaccine immunization fever, moderate and severe rash rate and no immunization history and immune history unknown group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The school is the main place where outbreak of chickenpox occurs. According to its epidemiological characteristics, it should make publicity on the knowledge of chickenpox prevention and strengthen the monitoring and control of the epidemic in spring and winter so as to perfect the vaccination strategy of chickenpox in our country as soon as possible so as to ensure the health of the population.