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改革开放以来,特别是90年代以来,随着我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变、经济结构和产业结构的调整以及现代企业制度的推行,城镇就业状况发生了很大的变化,失业已经成为一个广泛存在的现象。分析我国就业工作中存在的问题,探索解决就业的对策,具有极为重要的现实意义。一、我国劳动就业面临的主要问题(一)劳动生产率的提高与扩大就业的矛盾。随着劳动生产率的提高,经济增长和投资的就业边际效益呈递减趋势,这无疑给扩大就业增加了一定的难度。过去用人单位往往是能够完成用人指标,却完不成工资增长和劳动生产率指标。目前随着经济改革和现代化建设的发展,许多工业企业面临着经营机制和技术改造的双重任务,我们知道劳动生产率与扩大就业的矛盾主要集中在传统部门,即第一产业和第二产业。他们由于新技术、新
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, with the transition from a planned economy system to a market economy system, the adjustment of economic structure and industrial structure, and the implementation of the modern enterprise system, the employment conditions in urban areas have undergone great changes. Unemployment has been changed Become a widespread phenomenon. Analyzing the existing problems in our employment work and exploring the solutions to the employment problems have extremely important practical significance. First, China's labor and employment are facing the main problems (A) increase in labor productivity and employment expansion contradictions. With the improvement of labor productivity, the marginal benefit of economic growth and investment in employment shows a decreasing trend, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of expanding employment. In the past employers often able to complete the employment indicators, but can not finish the wage growth and labor productivity indicators. At present, with the development of economic reform and modernization, many industrial enterprises are faced with the dual tasks of operating mechanism and technological transformation. We know that the contradiction between labor productivity and employment expansion mainly lies in the traditional sectors of primary industry and secondary industry. They are new due to new technologies