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[目的]了解成都市农村旱区分散式供水水质情况,并通过调查干旱期间人群胃肠道现况,初步探讨农村旱区分散式供水水质对于人群胃肠道的影响,获知旱灾地区农村分散式供水的饮水安全是否存在潜在危险因素,为同类地区确保饮水卫生安全提供建议和措施。[方法]2010年4月,在成都市受灾最重的3个区(市/县)的3个乡镇中,以村组为单位随机整群抽样,对抽取9个村组的总312户农户进行问卷调查、总100份水样进行现场检测,并采用Lo-gistic回归的方法进行影响因素分析。[结果]干旱期间农村分散式供水的水质合格率较低(7.00%);各项具体指标中,感官指标(色度、浑浊度、肉眼可见物)、化学指标(铁、锰)、微生物指标(菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群)和毒理指标(硝酸盐)这9项指标在干旱期间出现不合格情况;旱灾地区农村水质对于人群胃肠道有较大影响,排除其他混杂作用后发现,水质不合格引起胃肠道症状的危险性是合格的6.896倍(P﹤0.05)。水源类型、饮用水方式也是导致农户出现胃肠道症状的影响因素。[结论旱灾期间农村分散式供水水质较差,主要表现在感官指标、微生物指标合格率的低下;同时旱灾地区恶劣的水质、增加的地表水水源、直接饮用生水的饮用水方式导致农户中出现了胃肠道症状。
[Objective] To understand the water quality of decentralized water supply in rural and arid areas of Chengdu and investigate the effect of decentralized water quality on the gastrointestinal tract in rural areas by investigating the status of gastrointestinal tract during the drought period. Potential risk factors exist for the safety of drinking water supply and provide suggestions and measures for ensuring the sanitary safety of drinking water in similar areas. [Method] In April 2010, three townships and towns in the three districts (cities / counties) hardest hit in Chengdu were randomly sampled by cluster, and a total of 312 farmer households in 9 village groups A total of 100 water samples were tested on site and the influencing factors were analyzed by means of Lo-gistic regression. [Results] The qualified rate of water quality in rural distributed water supply was low (7.00%) during the drought period. Sensory indexes (color, turbidity and macroscopic), chemical indexes (iron and manganese) (Total number of colonies, total coliforms, heat-resistant coliforms) and toxicological indicators (nitrate) of nine indicators during the drought failed; drought in rural areas of the water quality of the gastrointestinal tract have a greater impact, excluding Other miscellaneous effects found that the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by unqualified water quality is 6.896 times the qualified (P <0.05). The types of water sources and drinking water are also the influencing factors of gastrointestinal symptoms in rural households. [Conclusion] The decentralized water supply quality in rural areas during the drought was poor, mainly in the sense of the senses and the low pass rate of microbial indicators; at the same time, poor water quality in the drought-hit areas, increased surface water sources and direct drinking of drinking water led to emergence of farmers Gastrointestinal symptoms.