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本文选译自1978年伦敦出版的《儿童的理智》一书的第二章。 该书作者玛格丽特·唐纳德逊(Margaret Donalson)毕业于英国爱丁堡大学,现任该校心理学高级讲师。曾在日内瓦皮阿杰的研究所中从事过科研工作,之后获得美国John Hay Whitney研究员奖金,并多次与美国著名心理学家布鲁纳一起研究课程发展规划。作者还发表过许多论文和学术报告,她的另一本著作是《儿童思想的研究》。 《儿童的理智》是一本关于儿童的思维与学习的心理学著作。作者首先提出了当前英国教育存在的问题:大量的儿童把学习看作痛苦的经验,而在离开学校踏上社会时,无论是智力或技能方面,都不能适应社会的需要。作者继而从心理学的角度探讨了产生这种现象的原因,并根据主要以幼儿为对象的大量实验材料,揭示了儿童思维发展的规律,提出了对学校教育的改进意见。 作者的思想显然是受著名的日内瓦派皮阿杰的影响,但是她对皮阿杰的一些论点,也提出了自己的不同见解。该书的《序》中写道:“目前的事实已经迫使我们不得不对让·皮阿杰关于智力发展学说的某些论点予以否定。……假如我必须扬弃他的某些教导,这丝毫不意味着对他本人以及他在知识界所作的巨大贡献的贬低”,“虽然在书中前几章里我对皮阿杰的观点提出了不同的意见,但后面几章的内容,?
This essay is translated from Chapter Two of the book, The Reasoning of Children, published in London in 1978. The book author Margaret Donalson (Margaret Donalson) graduated from the University of Edinburgh, is now a senior lecturer in psychology. In the Piaget Institute in Geneva engaged in scientific research work, after the United States received John Hay Whitney fellowship, and many well-known American psychologist Bruner together to study the curriculum development plan. The author has also published numerous essays and academic reports, and her other book is “The Study of Children’s Thoughts.” “The Mind of Children” is a psychology book about children’s thinking and learning. The author first proposed the current problems in British education: a large number of children regarded learning as a painful experience, and when leaving school to embark on a society, they could not meet the needs of the community in terms of intelligence or skills. The author then explores the reasons for this phenomenon from the perspective of psychology. Based on the large amount of experimental materials mainly for young children, the author reveals the law of children’s thinking and puts forward some suggestions for improving school education. The author’s thinking apparently was influenced by the famous Genepirante Pigeon in Geneva, but she also put forward some different opinions on some of Piaget’s arguments. The preface to the book states: “The current facts have compelled us to reject some of Jean Piaget’s arguments on the doctrine of intellectual development .... If I had to subordinate some of his teachings, not at all Implies a derogation of himself and his great contribution to the intelligentsia. ”Although I have put forward different opinions on Piaget’s views in the first few chapters of the book, what is the content of the following chapters?