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色素性胆石病是常见的胆道系统疾病。在美国,作胆囊切除手术的患者中20～25％有色素性胆结石。目前人们对此病已有了更进一步的了解,但仍不全面。本文将扼要地将色素性胆石病的分类、流行病学、放射线影象特征、胆石和胆汁的成分、发病机理、诊断和治疗作一综述。色素性胆结石分类色素性胆石按其形态学、化学成分和临床特点被划分为黑色或褐色结石。褐色结石是褐色和黄褐色相间的层状结构,其粉末易结成块。而黑色结石则是外观黑褐色,形态不规则,带有坚硬的表面,其粉末不易结成块。临床上,褐色胆石是一种胆红素或胆红素钙结石,常见于东方人。而黑色胆石又称之为纯色素性结石,常见于西方人。原发性胆总管结石大多为褐色结石。十二指肠乳头旁憩室是形成褐色胆石的重要危险因素。黑色胆石好发于有肝硬化、慢性
Pigmented cholelithiasis is a common biliary system disease. In the United States, 20-25% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy have pigmented gallstones. Currently people have a better understanding of the disease, but still not comprehensive. This article will briefly summarize the classification, epidemiology, radiographic features of gallstone disease, the composition, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of gallstone and bile. Pigmented gallstones Classification Pigmented gallstones are classified as black or brown stones according to their morphology, chemical composition and clinical features. Brown stone is a brown and tan interphase layered structure, the powder easy to form clumps. The black stone is the appearance of dark brown, irregular shape, with a hard surface, the powder is not easy to form blocks. Clinically, brown gallstone is a bilirubin or bilirubin calcium stones, common in the Orientals. The black gallstone, also known as pure pigmented stones, common in Westerners. Primary common bile duct stones are brown stones. Duodenal papillary diverticulum is an important risk factor for the formation of brown gallstone. Black gallstone occurs in cirrhosis, chronic