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通过静态水溶法和田间土培法,研究了分别采用石蜡和脲醛树脂作为密闭材料的硫包衣尿素养分释放特性;并通过田间试验研究这两种硫包衣尿素对夏玉米生长、产量、氮素利用效率、土壤硝态氮残留和净收益的影响。结果表明,采用石蜡和脲醛树脂作为密闭材料制造的两种硫包衣尿素SCUA和SCUB,其养分释放趋势均呈直线形,养分释放速率达到了中华人民共和国化工行业标准中硫包衣尿素(Ⅰ型)的条件指标。由于肥料所处环境条件的不同,SCUA和SCUB均表现出静态水溶法氮素养分溶出速度快于田间土培法的测定值,且SCUA养分释放速度略快于SCUB。利用脲醛树脂作为硫包衣尿素的密闭材料较石蜡制造每吨肥料原料成本降低49.39元。夏玉米田间试验中SCUA和SCUB减量30%处理玉米的植株生长及产量与普通尿素当地习惯施肥无显著性差异,且可以显著提高氮肥表观利用率,分别达到了40.45%和42.59%;收获时普通尿素当地习惯施肥处理(CK1)及减量30%处理(CK2)60—100 cm土壤硝态氮含量显著高于硫包衣尿素处理。SCUA和SCUB在相同用量的情况下,净收益差异不显著,且减量30%的情况下仍可获得与普通尿素当地习惯施肥量相当的净收益。以脲醛树脂替代石蜡作为硫包衣尿素密闭材料是可行的,能达到节本增效的作用。
The nutrient release characteristics of sulfur-coated urea with paraffin wax and urea-formaldehyde resin as sealing material were studied by static water-soluble method and field soil-cultivation method respectively. The effects of sulfur-coated urea on growth and yield of summer maize Urea Utilization Efficiency, Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue and Net Income. The results showed that the two kinds of sulfur-coated urea SCUA and SCUB made of paraffin and urea-formaldehyde resin as airtight materials showed a linear trend of nutrient release, and the rate of nutrient release reached the standard of sulfur coated urea (Ⅰ) in the chemical industry of the People’s Republic of China Type) of the conditions of indicators. Due to the different environmental conditions of fertilizers, SCUA and SCUB showed that the static water-soluble nitrogen dissolution rate was faster than the field soil culture method, and the nutrient release rate of SCUA was slightly faster than SCUB. Use of urea-formaldehyde resin as a sulfur-coated urea material per ton of raw materials than the cost of paraffin wax to reduce the cost of 49.39 yuan. In the field trials of summer maize, SCUA and SCUB reduced the plant growth and yield of maize by 30% compared with the conventional urea fertilization, and significantly increased the apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency by 40.45% and 42.59% respectively. The harvest Nitrogen content in CK was significantly higher than that in sulfur-coated urea when local urea fertilization (CK1) and CK2 (60-100 cm soil depth) were used. SCUA and SCUB did not show any significant difference in net income under the same consumption, and net income equivalent to the conventional urea consumption could still be obtained with a 30% reduction. Urea-formaldehyde resin instead of paraffin as a sulfur-coated urea closed material is feasible, can achieve the effect of cost-effective.