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计划与市场的关系,多年来一直是困扰我国经济理论的一大难题。传统观点认为:这个问题可以从三个层次来认识。第一个层次,是计划经济与市场经济,这是作为对立的两种经济制度,第二个层次,是计划调节与市场调节,这是作为对应的两种调节经济活动的手段,其中计划调节又包括直接的计划调节——指令性计划和间接的计划调节——指导性计划这两种形式,第三个层次,是指具体的计划与市场。由于长期以来一直认为社会主义实行的是计划经济制度,资本主义实行的是市场经济制度,从而把下面层次的计划调节甚至计划,都看成了是社会主义特有的东西,把市场调节和市场,看成是资本主义特有的东西。进而认为只有搞计划经济,才是社会主义,而搞市场经济,就是演变为资本主义。这样,传统的经济理论走进了死胡同。
The relationship between the plan and the market has for many years been a major problem plaguing our economic theory. The traditional view is that: This problem can be understood from three levels. The first level is the planned economy and the market economy. This is the opposite of the two economic systems. The second level is the planning and market regulation. This is the corresponding two means of regulating economic activities, of which planning and regulation But also includes the direct plan adjustment - command plan and indirect plan adjustment - the two forms of the guiding plan, the third level refers to the specific plan and the market. Since it has long been assumed that the socialist system is a planned economic system and that capitalism is practicing a market economic system, the following levels of planning or even planning are regarded as peculiar to socialism. Market regulation and the market, Think of it as something unique to capitalism. Then we think that only by pursuing a planned economy is socialism, and by pursuing a market economy, we are evolving into capitalism. In this way, the traditional economic theory has come to a dead end.