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目前大规模人工种植的中药很少,多数是山野自生,采集工作就成为一个基本问题。因采集工作的好坏,有关药材供应的质量,关系到人民保健事业,故不能看成一个简单问题。兹就工作中发生的几个问题,提供采集和收购同志,共同研究。(一)辨认标准植物。因有些外形相像但效用不同,有些名称相混,如龙葵别名酸浆,漏芦亦名飞廉,天南星亦称虎掌,其实这些都是不同的植物,效用殊异。(二)明确药用部位。多数植物并不全株药用,或是某一部位药效最大,如人参在根。麻黄茎可发汗,根与茎节则能止汗。今药物虽多,可归纳为根、根茎(肥大的地下茎)、树皮(茎皮与根皮)、木、叶、花、果、种子、全草及其他(菌类、孢子类、虫瘿、树脂等)等十类,可按所需部位进行采集。(三)注意采集时间。各种植物的生长期和成熟期不同,即同株植物所含成分亦有时间性的差异,故必须善于掌握植物生长发育的规律及时采集。树皮、木、根及根茎要注意植龄,一般须六年以上,有些根及根茎当年或三年以上者亦可。此外还要注意药用部位的采收季节,茎皮等在伏天采,此时
At present, there are few large-scale artificially cultivated Chinese medicines. Most of them are self-produced in the mountains. The collection work has become a basic problem. Because of the quality of the collection work, the quality of the supply of medicinal materials is related to the people’s health care, so it cannot be seen as a simple issue. We will provide collections and acquisitions of comrades on a few issues that have occurred during the work and study together. (a) Identify standard plants. Because of some similar appearance but different utility, some names are mixed, such as sorrel and osmium oleoresin, leaching rustles and the name Feilan, Arisaema, also known as tiger palm, in fact, these are different plants, the utility is different. (b) Define the medicinal site. Most plants do not use the whole plant medicinally, or have the greatest effect in a certain area, such as ginseng root. Ephedra stems can sweat, and roots and stem sections can prevent sweating. Although there are many drugs today, they can be summarized as roots, rhizomes (hypertrophic underground stems), bark (bark and root bark), wood, leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, whole grass and other (bacteria, spores, insects Ten types of resin, etc.) can be collected according to the desired location. (C) pay attention to the collection time. The growth period and maturity period of various plants are different, ie the components contained in the same plant also have time differences. Therefore, they must be good at grasping the laws of plant growth and development in time. Bark, wood, roots and rhizomes should pay attention to the age of the plant. Generally, it must be more than six years old. Some roots and rhizomes may also be of the same year or more than three years. In addition, we must pay attention to the harvesting season of medicinal parts, bark, etc.