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孟子(约公元前372年——公元前289年),名轲,字子舆,邹(今山东邹县)人。战国时期的思想家、政治家、教育家,在儒家中地位仅次于孔子,被宋明理学家奉为“亚圣”。他继曾参、子思之后所开创的思孟学派,被后世封建统治者看作是儒家各派中的正统。孟子生活在阶级矛盾异常激烈的战国时代。此时,列国诸侯合纵连横,相互攻伐,社会异常紊乱,可谓之“民之憔悴于虐政,未有甚于此时者也。”(《孟子·梁惠王上》,本文孟语均引自《孟子》,故下引只注明篇名)因此,他对统治者的残酷压榨和因兼并战争转嫁的沉重负担而导致的人民反抗力量有较为深刻的认识,所以,他在继承孔子以“仁”为核心的“德治”思想的基础上,提出了比较系统的以“性善论”为理论根据的“仁政”学说。所谓“性
Mencius (about 372 BC - 289 BC), name Ke, Zi Zi Yu, Zou (now Shandong Zouxian) people. Thinkers in the Warring States Period, politicians, educators, in Confucianism after Confucius, by the Song Ming Neo-Confucianism as Following the Senate and Zisi, he founded the Seismological School and was considered by the later feudal rulers as orthodox Confucianism. Mencius lived in the era of the Warring States Period where the class contradictions were extremely fierce. At this moment, the princes of the various countries are merging with each other, attacking each other and the society is disorderly and disorderly, which is called ”the emaciation of the people in the abuses of power and the lack of power over this time.“ ” Therefore, his cruel squeeze on the rulers and the people’s resistance forces resulting from the heavy burden of the merger war have been more profoundly understood. Therefore, Based on the Confucianism of “virtue” centered on “benevolence” by Confucius, he put forward a systematic theory of “benevolence” based on the theory of “goodness and goodness.” The so-called "sex