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软弱岩体的特性主要表现为软弱、强度低、变形量大、自稳性差。在软弱岩体中开挖隧道若不及时支护,则有可能部分或全部破坏。因此,量测隧道在软弱岩体中稳定状态的变化过程,并研究其稳定性,是工程地质和岩石力学工作者的一项重要课题。本文是在阐述软弱岩体特性的基础上,应用近几年来我们在下坑和普济两座隧道进行的原位监测资料(其中包括用声波探测隧洞的围岩松弛带和用收敛计监测隧洞的周边位移),分析和讨论了隧道在软弱岩体中围岩的动态特性,以及围岩和喷锚支护共同作用下的变化过程;最后指出,采取轮廓控制爆破和喷锚支护技术是控制和改善软弱围岩稳定性的有效措施。
The characteristics of soft rock mass are mainly weak, low strength, large deformation and poor self-stability. In soft rock mass excavation tunnel if not timely support, there may be some or all damage. Therefore, measuring the stability of the tunnel in soft rock mass and studying the stability of the tunnel is an important issue for engineering geology and rock mechanics workers. Based on the characteristics of soft rock mass, this paper applies the in-situ monitoring data of the two tunnels in Xiakeng and Puji in recent years (including the acoustic relaxation of the surrounding rock and the monitoring of the tunnel with the convergence meter The dynamic displacement of surrounding rock in soft rock mass is analyzed and discussed. The change process of the surrounding rock under the joint action of surrounding rock and shotcrete and rock bolting support is analyzed and discussed. Finally, it is pointed out that the control by contour control blasting and shotcrete and rock bolt support And effective measures to improve the stability of weak surrounding rock.