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一、概况及特征据统计,到1990年底,珠海特区实际引进外资达5.3亿美元。引进外资已成为珠海特区建设资金的重要来源,“三资”企业与地方国营企业、内联企业已基本形成了“三足鼎立”的格局。从目前的情况看,珠海特区引进外资有几个基本特征: 一是引进外资的形式发生了变化,海外借款部分正逐渐为直接投资所替代。特区通过向境外银团借款来引进外资始于1985年,占当年引进外资的比重达42%,以后又逐年升高,到1989年已达65%,而直接投资的比重只有35%。但是,进入1990年,海外借款的比重开始出现回落,只有34%,而直接投资的比重则上升为66%。二是外商独资经营迅速增多。据统计,直到1987年,特区实际投产的外商独资企业只有1家,投资额只有9万美元,
I. Overview and Characteristics According to statistics, by the end of 1990, the actual amount of foreign investment in Zhuhai Special Economic Zone reached 530 million U.S. dollars. The introduction of foreign capital has become an important source of construction funds for Zhuhai Special Economic Zone. “Three-funded” enterprises, local state-owned enterprises and in-line enterprises have basically formed the pattern of “tripartite confrontation.” Judging from the current situation, the introduction of foreign capital in Zhuhai has several basic characteristics: First, the form of foreign investment has changed, and overseas borrowings are gradually being replaced by direct investment. Since the special economic zone started to borrow money from overseas syndicates to introduce foreign capital in 1985, it accounted for 42% of the total foreign investment in that year and then rose year by year. By 1989, it reached 65% while direct investment accounted for only 35% of the total. However, in 1990, the proportion of overseas borrowings started to fall back to only 34%, while the proportion of direct investment rose to 66%. Second, the number of wholly foreign-owned enterprises has increased rapidly. According to statistics, until 1987, only one wholly foreign-owned enterprise was put into operation in the SAR with an investment of only 90,000 U.S. dollars.