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本文利用2004年农村住户问卷调查数据分析中国农村贫困人口的特征和致贫因素。调查结果显示,缺少劳动力、残疾患病以及家庭依赖成员多是农村贫困家庭的一些显著特征,而农村社会救助制度则由于资金的制约效果有限。文章认为,基于经济体制改革的激励作用和开发式扶贫的农村反贫困政策已经很难惠及这部分贫困人口,中国农村的反贫困政策需要在增加中央转移支付的基础上,以建立一个覆盖全部农村人口的医疗保障制度为优先发展的方向,在此基础上实施针对绝对贫困人口的社会救助制度。
In this paper, we use the 2004 rural household survey data to analyze the characteristics of the rural poor in China and the causes of poverty. The survey results show that the lack of labor force, disability and family dependency are some of the salient features of rural poor families, while the rural social assistance system has limited financial resources. The article believes that based on the stimulating effect of economic reform and the development of anti-poverty rural anti-poverty policies have been very difficult to benefit this part of the poor population, China’s rural anti-poverty policy needs to increase the central transfer payments, based on the establishment of a coverage of all rural The medical insurance system of the population is the priority development direction, on the basis of which the social assistance system for the absolute poor population is implemented.