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目的了解农村回族留守儿童行为问题现况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,应用一般情况调查表、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ儿童版)、Piers-Harri儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL家长版)对宁夏南部山区1 905名学生进行调查。结果回族儿童行为问题总检出率为22.3%(213/955);回族留守与非留守儿童行为问题检出率分别为25.1%和20.5%(χ2=2.82,P=0.093);男生留守儿童行为问题检出率为24.2%,高于男生非留守儿童的15.6%(χ2=5.36,P=0.021);12~16岁男生留守儿童分裂样、体诉、交往不良、强迫、敌意性、违纪、攻击性和多动分别为(3.66±3.18)、(5.16±5.30)、(6.44±6.04)、(3.16±3.17)、(4.62±4.81)、(3.08±3.78)、(7.04±6.47)、(3.96±3.49)分,12~16岁回族女生留守儿童攻击性和残忍分别为(6.71±6.13)和(2.19±3.49)分,均高于非留守儿童(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,内向性人格(OR=2.698)、父亲过度保护较多(OR=1.851,5.210)、自我意识较差(OR=6.684,8.578)是回族留守儿童行为问题发生的危险因素;情绪稳定(OR=0.186)、母亲拒绝否认较少(OR=0.517,0.264)为其保护因素。结论宁夏农村回族儿童行为问题发生率较高,应从社会、家庭、个性塑造等方面预防回族留守儿童行为问题的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo of behavioral problems of left-behind children in rural Hui and its influencing factors. Methods A stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used. The general situation questionnaire, EMBU, EPQ children’s version, Piers-Harri PHCSS and Achenbach children’s behavior were used. Scale (CBCL Parents Version) A survey of 1,905 students in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia. Results The total detection rate of behavioral problems among Hui children was 22.3% (213/955). The detection rates of behavior problems among left-behind children and non-left-behind children were 25.1% and 20.5% (χ2 = 2.82, P = 0.093) The detection rate was 24.2%, higher than 15.6% of non-left-behind children (χ2 = 5.36, P = 0.021); children aged 12 to 16 years with left-behind children had schizophrenia, physical complaints, poor communication, coercion, hostility, (3.66 ± 3.30), (6.44 ± 6.04), (3.16 ± 3.17), (4.62 ± 4.81), (3.08 ± 3.78), (7.04 ± 6.47), ( 3.96 ± 3.49). The offensive and cruelty of left-behind children aged 12 ~ 16 were (6.71 ± 6.13) and (2.19 ± 3.49) points, respectively, which were higher than those of non-left-behind children (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the introverted personality (OR = 2.698), father overprotected (OR = 1.851,5.210) and poor self-awareness (OR = 6.684,8.578) were the risk factors for behavior problems of left- Emotional stability (OR = 0.186), the mother refused to deny less (OR = 0.517,0.264) as its protective factor. Conclusion The incidence of behavioral problems among Hui children in rural Ningxia is high. Prevention of the behavior problems of children left behind by the Hui ethnic minority should be made from the aspects of society, family and individuality.