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目的:探讨经胸超声心动图（TTE）在小儿房间隔缺损（ASD）介入治疗中的指导作用和观察介入治疗对左心室结构功能的影响。方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2018年10月在安徽省儿童医院进行介入治疗的107例ASD患儿的临床资料，年龄（5.03 ± 2.86）岁，术前均经TTE检查，确诊为继发孔型ASD，不合并其他心血管畸形，并且满足以下条件：ASD边缘距上、下腔静脉入口和冠状静脉窦至少5 mm，二尖瓣距离≥ 7 mm（所用封堵器≥ 12 mm）或≥ 6 mm（所用封堵器≤ 10 mm），房间隔总长不小于缺损最大直径+14 mm。术中TTE对ASD多切面观测，测量ASD最大直径和最小直径，据此选择相应封堵器。术前及术后3 d、1、3、6及12个月行TTE检测左心室舒张末期内经（LVDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVDS）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及缩短分数（FS）。结果:所有患儿均成功进行封堵治疗，首选封堵器不合适并进行调换4例，无封堵器脱落、移位等并发症发生。ASD最大直径（8.60 ± 4.72）mm，最小直径（7.00 ± 3.69）mm，封堵器直径（10.56 ± 5.01）mm。术前LVDD和LVDS分别为（33.01 ± 4.63）mm和（20.72 ± 3.50）mm，术后均有所增加，LVDD在术后3、6和12个月时与术前比较差异均有统计学意义[（34.95 ± 4.02）、（34.63 ± 4.17）、（35.47 ± 4.50）mm比（33.01 ± 4.63）mm]（n P<0.05或0.01），LVDS在术后1、3、6和12个月时与术前比较差异均有统计学意义[（21.59 ± 2.74）、（22.16 ± 2.91）、（21.77 ± 2.87）、（22.60 ± 3.51）mm比（20.72 ± 3.50）mm]（n P<0.05或0.05）。n 结论:TTE可以较准确地指导小儿ASD的介入治疗；治疗后左心室内径有所增加，收缩功能保持正常。“,”Objective:To explore the guiding role of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for interventional therapy of atrial septal defect (ASD) in children, and observe the effects of interventional therapy on left ventricular structure and function.Methods:One hundred and seven children with ASD aged (5.03 ± 2.86) years, who received interventional therapy in Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital from January 2012 and October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Before operation, by the examine of TTE all children were diagnosed as ostium secundum atrial septal defects and no other cardiovascular malformations were found to combined with. For inclusion in the study, patients had to have a distance of over 5 mm rims of ASD to entrances of superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus, which was more than 7 mm(waist of optioned occluder ≥ 7 mm) and more than 6 mm (waist of optioned occluder ≤ 10 mm) to mitral valve, while the length of atrial septum was not less than the maximum diameter of the defect +14 mm. During the operation, TTE was used to observe ASD from multiple views for measuring out its maximum diameter and minimum diameter, then based on these measurements the occluder′s size was determined. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured by TTE before operation and 3 days, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation.Results:All the children were successfully treated with occluders. In only 4 cases, occluders of the first choice were improper and then were replaced. No complications such as occluder′s embolization or malposition occurred. Size of ASD was (8.60 ± 4.72) mm for maximum diameter and (7.00 ± 3.69) mm for minimum diameter, and size of occluders was (10.56 ± 5.01) mm. Both LVDD and LVDS respectively with values of (33.01 ± 4.63) mm and (20.72 ± 3.50) mm before operation increased after operation. Compared with those before operation, LVDD at 3, 6 and 12 after operation [(34.95 ± 4.02), (34.63 ± 4.17), (35.47 ± 4.50) mm vs. (33.01 ± 4.63) mm], and LVDS at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation [(21.59 ± 2.74), (22.16 ± 2.91), (21.77 ± 2.87), (22.60 ± 3.51) mm vs. (20.72 ± 3.50) mm] had significant differences (n P<0.05 or 0.05) among preoperative and each postoperative observation points.n Conclusions:TTE can accurately guide the interventional treatment of ASD in children.And after the treatment, left ventricular diameter increases and systolic function remains normal.