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城作为聚落的高级形态和一种较为先进的防御设施,它的出现是与原始生产力水平提高、社会组织化程度进一步加强和聚落间冲突加剧相适应的。目前已发现的城址共有四五十座,其中年代最早的当属河南郑州西山城址和湖南澧县城头山城址,它们分属仰韶文化晚期和大溪文化,其余大多数属于龙山时期城址。本文拟对这些城址的筑造技术做进一步讨论,以期发现其筑造技术的先进性和局限性,以及它们之中的共性和个性,还有对后世筑城技术的影响等问题。
As an advanced form of settlement and a more advanced defense facility, the city appeared to be compatible with the improvement of the level of primitive productivity, the further enhancement of social organization and the intensification of conflicts among settlements. There are currently 40 or 60 cities found in the city, of which the earliest was the Xishan City Site in Zhengzhou, Henan Province and the Chengtoushan City Site in Lixian County in Hunan Province. They belonged to the late Yangshao culture and Daxi culture, while the rest belonged to the Longshan site. This article intends to further discuss the construction technologies of these sites in order to find out the advancedness and limitations of their construction technologies and the commonness and individuality among them, as well as the influence on the later city construction technologies.