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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of using cold knife conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 186 cases with CIN diagnosed and treated in our hospital; compared the histologic diagnoses from cervical conization and from colposcopic multiple punch biopsies, and then evaluated their postoperative histologic findings and clinical outcomes.RESULTS Of the 186 cases, there was a correlation in histologic findings between cervical conization and colposcopic multiple punch biopsies in 138 cases (74.2%), and there was no correlation in the other 48 cases (25.8%). Incomplete excision was performed in 8 cases (4.3%), but the failure rate was only 1.1%; the cure rate was 98.9%. Five cases with early invasive cancer were found.Eleven patients underwent subsequent hysterectomy. The main complications associated with conization were hemorrhage and cervical stenosis. Bleeding occurred in 8 (4.3%) of the patients, and cervical stenosis occurred in 3 (1.6%).CONCLUSION Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was diagnosed more accurately using conization than by colposcopic multiple punch biopsies. Conization can also play an important role in the treatment for CIN. If properly performed, the procedure has a low risk of complications. It can provide an accurate histologic representation of the disease process, and be curative in most cases.